Unveiling the secret of 44% nickel content: CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plate has become the hidden champion of marine engineering and petrochemical industry with its hard-core performance of 320MPa tensile strength and resistance to medium salt spray corrosion. Beware of the work hardening trap when selecting, and the 44% nickel ratio has balanced the cost and corrosion resistance. The reason behind the rise of domestic prices to US$26./KG is the leap in processing performance brought about by the breakthrough of heat treatment process. CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plate is a high-performance copper-based alloy. It is widely used in marine engineering, petrochemical industry, architectural decoration and other fields due to its excellent corrosion resistance, good processing performance and medium strength. This article will comprehensively analyze the CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plate from the aspects of technical parameters, industry standards, material selection misunderstandings, technical disputes, etc. 1. Technical parameters of CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plate CuNi44 is a typical copper-nickel alloy, which is mainly composed of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), of which the nickel content is about 44%. This ratio gives CuNi44 alloy unique physical and chemical properties. The following are its main technical parameters: Chemical composition: Copper (Cu): balance Nickel (Ni): 44% Impurity elements: ≤1.5% (including iron, manganese, silicon, etc.) Physical properties: Density: 8.8g/cm³ Thermal conductivity: about 330W/m·K Electrical conductivity: about 70%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) Mechanical properties: Tensile strength (σb): about 320MPa Yield strength (σ0.2): about 180MPa Elongation (δ5): about 40% Corrosion resistance: Excellent corrosion resistance in moderate salt spray environment. Good resistance to moisture, acidic gases and organic compounds. Processing performance: It has good cold and hot processing performance and can be processed by stamping, stretching, bending and other forming processes. 2. Industry standards and specifications The production and application of CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plates must comply with relevant industry standards. The following are two commonly used industry standards: ASTMB137: American Society for Testing and Materials standard, which specifies the chemical composition, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance requirements of copper-nickel alloy plates. AMS4667: Aerospace material specification, suitable for the manufacture and testing of high-performance copper-nickel alloy plates. 3. Material selection misunderstandings When selecting CuNi44 copper-nickel alloy plates, the following three misunderstandings are prone to occur: Excessive pursuit of high nickel content: Although the increase in nickel content can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy, excessive nickel content will lead to increased material costs and decreased processing performance. The 44% nickel content of

CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy (97%Cu+3%Ni) has become a core material for marine engineering and aerospace with its 8.8g/cm3 density,≥500MPa tensile strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The market price is stable at USD16.5-USD28./KG. The selection needs to balance environmental adaptability and cost, and avoid excessive pursuit of purity or neglect of processing technology. Analysis of the price and technical characteristics of CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy plate CuNi3 is a high-performance copper-nickel alloy. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and good processing performance, it is widely used in marine engineering, petrochemical, aerospace and other fields. This article will comprehensively analyze the price and application characteristics of CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy plate from the aspects of technical parameters, industry standards, and material selection misunderstandings. I. Technical parameters of CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy plate The main components of CuNi3 alloy are copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), of which the nickel content is about 3%. This ratio gives the alloy unique physical and chemical properties. The following are the main technical parameters of CuNi3 plates: Chemical composition: Cu (97%) + Ni (3%) + trace impurities. Density: 8.8g/cm³. Tensile strength: ≥500MPa. Yield strength: ≥250MPa. Elongation: ≥30%. Corrosion resistance: Excellent performance in marine environment, high temperature and high humidity conditions. Thermal conductivity: about 230W/m·K. Electrical conductivity: about 70%IACS. II: Industry standards and performance requirements The performance of CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy must comply with relevant international and domestic standards. The following are two commonly used industry standards: ASTMB369: This standard specifies the chemical composition, mechanical properties and process requirements of copper-nickel alloy plates. CuNi3 alloy must meet the classification requirements for Cu-Ni alloys in ASTMB369. AMS4676: This standard is a commonly used material standard in the aerospace field, which puts forward strict requirements on the chemical composition, heat treatment and surface quality of copper-nickel alloys. III: Price analysis of CuNi3 copper-nickel alloy plate The price of CuNi3 alloy is affected by many factors, including raw material price fluctuations, market supply and demand, and the complexity of processing technology. The following is the current market situation: International market price: According to LME (London Metal Exchange) data, the average price of copper-nickel alloy is about US$150-200 per kilogram, and the specific price depends on the alloy purity and market supply and demand. Domestic market price: Shanghai Nonferrous Network data shows that the price of domestic CuNi3 plate is about RMB 120-180 per kilogram, which is basically the same as the international price. IV:

In the global metal market, molybdenum, as an important metal element, has gradually attracted the attention of more and more investors and industry experts with its unique properties and broad application prospects. According to the latest report of China Economic Industry Research Institute, it is expected that by 2025, China’s molybdenum industry will face new market opportunities and challenges. This article will explore the current situation of China’s molybdenum industry and the extensiveness of its downstream applications to help readers fully understand the development trend of this industry. I. Basic characteristics and importance of molybdenum Molybdenum, element symbol Mo, exists in various mineral forms in nature. As a silvery-white hard metal, molybdenum not only has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, but also has high-temperature strength and good processing properties. The special properties of molybdenum make it important in metallurgy, electrical, chemical, military and aerospace fields, especially in steel and special steel manufacturing, where the demand for molybdenum accounts for more than 80%. It can be said that the unique properties and technological potential of molybdenum make it an indispensable element in modern industry. II. Analysis of the industrial chain of the molybdenum industry The upstream of the molybdenum industry is mainly responsible for the mining and preliminary processing of molybdenum ore. There are many types of molybdenum minerals, the most commercially valuable of which is molybdenite, followed by molybdenite and molybdenum sulfide. Through processes such as crushing, grinding and flotation, molybdenum ore is converted into molybdenum concentrate, and then roasted to produce molybdenum oxide. 2. Midstream: smelting and processing The midstream involves the smelting and processing of molybdenum, mainly producing a variety of products such as molybdenum metal, molybdenum furnace materials and molybdenum chemicals. Molybdenum metal is widely used in the manufacture of molybdenum rods, molybdenum wires, etc. Molybdenum chemicals have a place in the chemical industry. 3. Downstream: Multi-field application The downstream application of molybdenum covers a wide range. The steel industry is its main consumer market, and construction steel and stainless steel manufacturing account for a large proportion. In addition, in the chemical and military fields, molybdenum has also shown good development prospects. For example, the application in high-temperature alloys and molds has greatly enhanced the performance of these materials. According to data from 2022, the demand for molybdenum ore in the field of construction steel accounted for 33.8%, and the demand in the field of stainless steel

Surface Features 1. The surface of sintered molybdenum rods has a silver-gray metallic luster. 2. There is a layer of oxide on the surface of forged molybdenum rods, and the surface is black. 3. Polished molybdenum rods have a silver-gray metallic luster. Methods for removing surface oxides. 1. Molybdenum products have the characteristics of being easily oxidized. When heavy oxides need to be removed, please entrust our company or use strong acid (fluoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.) to treat them. Please pay attention during operation. 2. For light oxides, use a cleaning agent with added abrasives, wipe with a soft cloth or sponge, etc., and then wash with warm water. Washed molybdenum products will lose their metallic luster, please pay attention. Packaging of molybdenum rods Molybdenum rods need to be packaged separately with PE pearl cotton materials and placed in suitable wooden boxes. The excess gaps must be filled to prevent vibration during transportation and damage to the product. Application and use. 1. Used to manufacture electric vacuum devices and electric light source parts. 2. Suitable for processing ion implantation parts. 3. Used as high-temperature heating elements and high-temperature structural parts. 4. Used as electrodes for furnaces in the glass and refractory fiber industries, it works in 1300℃ molten glass and has a long service life. 5. Used as electrodes in the rare earth industry. Keywords：Molybdenum rod